Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when the tissues supporting the pelvic organs weaken and one or more organs descend into or toward the vagina. Treatment depends on symptoms, severity and personal goals.

What can prolapse feel like?

Some women notice heaviness or pressure in the genital area, a vaginal bulge, or discomfort during exercise and other activities. The sensation may be more noticeable when straining.

Types of prolapse

• Anterior prolapse (cystocele): the bladder bulges into the front vaginal wall.
• Posterior prolapse (rectocele): the rectum bulges into the back vaginal wall.
• Uterine prolapse: the uterus descends toward or into the vagina.

More than one type may occur at the same time. Pregnancy and childbirth, aging and sustained pressure associated with chronic coughing, constipation or heavy lifting can contribute.

Why see a specialist?

An examination can identify the type and degree of prolapse and how it relates to your symptoms. Pelvic floor therapy, a vaginal pessary or surgery may be discussed depending on the situation. Not every prolapse requires surgery.

When surgery is considered, the doctor explains the intended repair, alternatives, recovery, risks and possibility of recurrence. Vaginal laser treatment should not be presented as a substitute for a prolapse assessment.

Related television interview

The original page includes this Spanish-language interview with Dr. García about gynecological procedures.